This book advances contemporary debates on the evolution of patriarchal institutions in agrarian transitions and the struggles for women’s liberation today. It focuses on the complexities of agrarian transitions in the Global South and the crisis of social reproduction especially under neoliberalism. It sheds new light on feminist struggles over land, labour and social reproduction, and enriches our understanding of popular movements and women’s struggles for emancipation across the rural–urban divide. The chapters offer empirical and theoretical contributions on gender relations in class formation in combination with race, caste and other contradictions. They critically examine the participation of women as well as the role of women’s leadership in historical and contemporary struggles, including anti-racist, anti-caste and anti-imperialist struggles.